Surveying
If θ and δ be the latitude of a place and declination of a star respectively, the upper culmination of the star will be north of zenith if its zenith distance, is

θ - δ
θ + δ
δ - θ
(θ + δ)/2

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Surveying
In triangulation surveys

Control stations are located from which detailed surveys are carried out
All listed here
The area is divided into triangular figures
Sides are not measured excepting the base line

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