Surveying
If θ and δ be the latitude of a place and declination of a star respectively, the upper culmination of the star will be north of zenith if its zenith distance, is

θ - δ
θ + δ
(θ + δ)/2
δ - θ

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Surveying
The meridian of a place is

A great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and it also passes through the place
An arc of the great circle which passes through the place and is perpendicular to the equator
A great circle passing through the place and the poles
A semi-circle which passes through the place and is terminated at the poles

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Surveying
The prismatic compass and surveyor’s compass

both give QB of a line
both give QB of a line and WCB of a line
both give WCB of a line
give whole circle bearing (WCB) of a line and quadrantal bearing (QB) of a line respectively

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