Galvanized steel conductors do not corrode, and possess high resistance. Hence such Wires are used in telecommunications circuits, earth wires, guard wire, stray wire, etc.
As you can see from the below figure in load Z1 is connected with the only current coil. In Load Z2 both current from the current coil (CC) and voltage from voltage coil (PC) are present (Power = V × I). Hence the Wattmeter will read power consumed by Z2.
Luminous flux measures the total radiant power reaching a surface, but without regard to surface position: the power might be concentrated on only part of the surface or spread evenly across it. Irradiance (Ee) or illuminance (Ev) is the density of incident radiant flux or luminous flux at a point on a surface and is defined as radiant flux or luminous flux per unit area, as given by E = dφ/dA where (dφ) is the radiant flux or luminous flux incident on an element dA of the surface containing the point. The unit of irradiance is Wm−2, and that of illuminance is lux
Isolator or disconnecting Switch: An isolator is a switch that is designed to open a circuit under no-load condition. Its main purpose is to isolate one portion of the circuit from the other and is not allowed to be opened while current is flowing in the line. Such switches are used on both sides of a circuit breaker so that its repair works or replacement could be done. Note that an isolator is never opened until the circuit breaker in the circuit is opened and it is closed before the circuit breaker is closed. If an isolator is switched OFF when a high current is flowing through the circuit, a heavy spark will be produced. This heavy spark may break the supporting insulator of the isolator which may cause a fatal accident to the operator.
Copper loss is proportional to the square of load current. At half load, load current becomes half as voltage remains the same, so the copper loss will become (1/2)2 i.e 1/4 times of full load copper loss. At full load copper Loss = I2R At half load copper Loss = (I/2)2 × R = I2/4 × R 400 = I2/4 × R I2R = 4 × 400 I2R = Full load copper Loss = 1600 W
EXAMIANS