Mechanical Operations
If dp is the equivalent diameter of a non-spherical particle, Vp its volume and sp its surface area, then its sphericity is Φs is defined by

Φs = 6 dp Sp/Vp
Φs = 6 Vp/dp sp
Φs = Vp/dp sp
Φs = dp Sp/Vp

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Mechanical Operations
Bond crushing law

Calls for relatively less energy for the smaller product particles, than does the Rittinger law
States that the work required to form particle of any size from very large feed is proportional to the square root of the volume to surface ratio of the product
Is less realistic in estimating the power requirements of commercial crushers
States that the work required for the crushing is proportional to the new surface created

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