Process Control and Instrumentation
In a second order under damped system, the

Time required for the response of first reach its ultimate value is called the response time
Overshoot (which is a measure of how much the response exceeds the ultimate value) increase with the decrease of damping co-efficient e
None of these
Decay ratio (which is the ratio of the sizes of successive peaks) is equal to the reciprocal of overshoot

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Process Control and Instrumentation
The characteristic equation for the control system with a closed loop transfer function G₁/1 + G₂ is given by 1 + G₂ = 0. The characteristic equation for the control system

Is the same for set point or load changes
All of these
Determines its stability
Depends only upon the open loop transfer function

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