Design of Steel Structure
Hudson’s formula gives the dead weight of a truss bridge as a function of

effective span of bridge
bottom chord area
top chord area
heaviest axle load of engine

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Design of Steel Structure
The elastic strain for steel is about

1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and 1/200 of maximum strain
1/24 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/200 of maximum strain
1/2 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/12 of maximum strain
1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/120 of maximum strain

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Design of Steel Structure
The mechanism method and the statical method give

lower and upper bounds respectively on the strength of structure
upper and lower bounds respectively on the strength of structure
lower bound on the strength of structure
upper bound on the strength of structure

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