Refractory Technology
Hot face insulating linings of high purity alumina fused mullite are used, where

Presence of iron or silica is harmful
Very high temperatures are involved
All of these
Highly reducing conditions are involved

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Refractory Technology
Thermal conductivity of refractory bricks

Increases with the amount of air entrapped in pores
Decreases with decreases in porosity
Is independent of its porosity and is maximum for insulating bricks
Increases with decrease in porosity

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