Fuels and Combustion
Gross and net calorific value of a fuel will be the same

If its hydrogen/hydrogen compound content is zero
Under no circumstances
If its ash content is zero
Ifits carbon content is very low

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Fuels and Combustion
Fixed carbon in coal is defined as

That present in volatile matters
The one which is present in the residue after combustion
Hundred minus the percentage of volatile matter, ash and moisture
The total quantity of carbon present in the coal

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