Fuels and Combustion
Gross and net calorific value of a fuel will be the same

Under no circumstances
Ifits carbon content is very low
If its hydrogen/hydrogen compound content is zero
If its ash content is zero

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Fuels and Combustion
Fixed carbon in coal is defined as

The one which is present in the residue after combustion
The total quantity of carbon present in the coal
That present in volatile matters
Hundred minus the percentage of volatile matter, ash and moisture

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