Mass Transfer
For the gas absorption, the height of a transfer unit, based on the gas phase is given by (G: superficial molar gas velocity, L: superficial molar liquid velocity, FG:mass transfer co-efficient, mols/m² , a: in-terfacial area per unit volume of tower)

L/(FG.G)
F/(FG.a)
(G.a)/FG
FG/(G.a)

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Mass Transfer
An example of elutioh is

Separation of sugar from sugar beet by hot water
Dissolution of tannin out of tree barks by water
Recovery of vegetable oils from seeds
Separation of uranium oxide from its ore by H₂SO₄ in a Pachuca tank

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Mass Transfer
An aqueous solution of methanol is to be distilled in a tray column. High pressure steam is available as a source of heat. For a given reflux ratio and overhead composition, two options are being explored; (i) a reboiler is used and (ii) no reboiler is used but steam is fed directly to the bottom of the column. As compared to option (i), in option (ii)

More number of trays are required but the residue composition remains unchanged
Less number of trays are required
Composition of the residue remains unchanged
More number of trays are required and the residue composition is more dilute in methanol

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Mass Transfer
Bollman extractor

Is a static bed leaching equipment
Is a centrifugal extractor
Is used for extraction of oil from oilseed
Employs only counter-current extraction

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