Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
Clearance volume in actual reciprocating compressors is essential

To provide cushioning effect
To accommodate Valves in the cylinder head
To attain high volumetric efficiency
To provide cushioning effect and also to avoid mechanical bang of piston with cylinder head

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
For a two stage reciprocating compressor, compression from p₁ to p₃ is with perfect intercooling and no pressure losses. If compression in both the cylinders follows the same polytropic process and the atmospheric pressure is pa, then the intermediate pressure p₂ is given by

P₂ = Pa × p₃/p₁
p₂ = Pa p₃/p₁
p₂ = p₁. p₃
p₂ = (p₁ + p₃)/2

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
If p₁, is the pressure of air entering the L.P. cylinder and p₂ is the pressure of air leaving the L.P. cylinder (or inter-cooler pressure), then the ratio of cylinder diameters for a single acting, two stage reciprocating air compressor with complete intercooling is given by (where D₁ = Dia. of L.P. cylinder, and D₂ = Dia. of H.P. cylinder)

D₁/D₂ = p₁/p₂
D₁/D₂ = p₁ p₂
D₁/D₂ = p₂/p₁
None of these

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