Physics
For accurate scientific work, temperatures are often measured by

Mercury thermometers
Thermoelectric thermometers
Alcohol thermometers
Platinum resistance thermometers

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Physics
On a cold day when a room temperature is 15oC, the metallic cap of a pen becomes much colder than its plastic body, though both are at the same temperature of 15oC, because

plastics have a lower density than metals
plastics have a higher thermal conductivity than metals
metals are good conductor of heat
metals have higher thermal capacity than plastics

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