Environmental Science
During the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere:

The noon sun is overhead at 23.5o S latitude
All of these
At middle latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, this marks the longest night of the year
Astronomical winter begins in the Northern Hemisphere

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Environmental Science
The aurora is produced by:

Scattering of sunlight in the upper atmosphere
Fast-moving charged particles colliding with air molecules
The combination of molecular and atomic oxygen to form ozone
Burning oxygen caused by the intense sunlight at high altitude
Reflections of sunlight by polar ice fields

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