Heat Transfer
Fluid motion in the natural convection heat transfer between a solid surface and a fluid in contact with it, results from the

None of these
Buoyancy of the bubbles produced at active nucleation site
Temperature gradient produced due to density difference
Existence of thermal boundary layer

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Heat Transfer
Which of the following situations can be approximated to a steady state heat transfer system?

10 kg of dry saturated steam at 8 kgf/cm² flowing through a short length of stainless steel pipe exposed to atmospheric air at 35°C
Boiling brine kept in open vessel when the bottom surface temperature of the vessel is maintained constant at 180°C
A red hot steel slab (having outside surface temperature as 1300°C) exposed to the atmosheric air at 35°C
A sub-cooled refrigerant liquid at 8°C flowing at the rate of 6 Kg/minute through a copper pipe exposed to atmospheric air at 35°C

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Heat Transfer
LMTD for counterflow and prallel flow heat exchanger will be the same, when the

Outlent temperature of both the hot and cold fluid are same
Outlet temperature of hot fluid is less than the outlet temperature of the cold fluid
Cold fluid is heated to a certain temperature by condensing steam (isothermal fluid)
None of these

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