Refractory Technology
Fireclay refractories have

Poor thermal spalling resistance
Very high cost
Low co-efficient of thermal expansion
Tendency to expand unduly high during firing

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Refractory Technology
What is Thoria?

Thoria Has high fusion temperature (> 3000°C) but poor resistance to thermal shock
Which is expensive & radioactive, is used in crucibles for melting high purity metals
All of these
Thoria Has high resistance to basic slags

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Refractory Technology
Addition of grog in fireclay brick during its manufacture is advantageous, because it results in

High strength & thermal spalling resistance
All of these
Less addition of water to get a workable plasticity & lesser time required for drying the raw refractories and hence increased rate of production
Less shrinkage in heating, decreased apparent porosity & increased specific gravity

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