Mechanical Operations
Filter aids like asbestos, kieselguhr, diatomaceous earth etc. are used to increase the porosity of the final filter cake & reducing the cake resistance during filtration. Filter aid is

Precoated on the filter medium prior to filtration
Separated from the cake by dissolving solids or by burning it off
All of these
Added to the feed slurry

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Mechanical Operations
Crushing efficiency is the ratio of the

Energy absorbed by the solid to the surface energy created by crushing
Energy fed to the machine to the surface energy created by crushing
Energy absorbed by the solid to that fed to the machine
Surface energy created by crushing to the energy absorbed by the solid

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