Mechanical Operations
Filter aids like asbestos, kieselguhr, diatomaceous earth etc. are used to increase the porosity of the final filter cake & reducing the cake resistance during filtration. Filter aid is

Added to the feed slurry
Precoated on the filter medium prior to filtration
Separated from the cake by dissolving solids or by burning it off
All of these

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Mechanical Operations
Reciprocating screens are normally inclined at an angle of 5° with the horizontal and employ gyratory motion at feed end & reciprocating motion at the discharge end. They are not suitable for the screening of the

Powdered food & granular materials
Dry chemicals
Heavy tonnages of rocks or gravel
Light metal powder down upto 4 meshsize

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Mechanical Operations
Crushing efficiency is the ratio of the

Energy absorbed by the solid to that fed to the machine
Energy absorbed by the solid to the surface energy created by crushing
Energy fed to the machine to the surface energy created by crushing
Surface energy created by crushing to the energy absorbed by the solid

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