Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
Ratio of compression is the ratio of

Stroke volume and clearance volume
Gauge discharge pressure to the gauge intake pressure
Pressures at discharge and suction corresponding to same temperature
Absolute discharge pressure to the absolute intake pressure

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
Clearance volume in actual reciprocating compressors is essential

To provide cushioning effect
To provide cushioning effect and also to avoid mechanical bang of piston with cylinder head
To accommodate Valves in the cylinder head
To attain high volumetric efficiency

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
An ideal air compressor cycle with clearance on P-V diagram can be represented by following processes

One adiabatic, two isobaric, and one constant volume
One adiabatic, one isobaric and two constant volumes
Two adiabatic, one isobaric and one constant volume
Two adiabatic and two isobaric

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