Process Control and Instrumentation
Emf developed by a thermocouple while measuring a temperature of 400°C is 22 mV. The type of thermocouple used is

Iron-constantan
Chromel-alumel
Platinum-platinum+rhyodium
Platinum-rhodium

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Time constant is the

Same as transportation lag
Time taken by the controlled variable to reach 63.2% of its full change
Same as dead time
Time required by the measured variable to reach 63.2% of its ultimate change

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Accurate temperature measurement performance of a radiation pyrometer can not be affected, if the

Object has varying emissivity
Object and surrounding are at almost the same temperature
Enhancement or attentuation of redia-tion occurs in the sighting path
Object is transparent

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