Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Effective stress is

the stress at particles contact
a physical parameter that can be measured
important because it is a function of engineering properties of soil
All of these

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The effect of cohesion on a soil is to

increase both the active earth pressure intensity and passive earth pressure intensity
reduce the active earth pressure in-tensity but to increase the passive earth pressure intensity
increase the active earth pressure in-tensity but to reduce the passive earth pressure intensity [GATE 99]
reduce both the active earth pressure intensity and passive earth pressure intensity

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