Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Effective stress is

the stress at particles contact
All of these
a physical parameter that can be measured
important because it is a function of engineering properties of soil

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
If the water table rises upto ground surface, then the

effective stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only but total stress does not change
total stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only but effective stress does not change
total stress is increased due to decrease in pore water pressure but effective stress does not change
effective stress is reduced due to decrease in total stress only but pore water pressure does not change

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