Fuels and Combustion
During combustion of coal on grate, clinker formation is increased by the

Low fusion point of ash (< 1100° C)
Use of preheated primary air
Use of thick fire bed
All of these

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Fuels and Combustion
Presence of free moisture in coal during its high temperature carbonisation

Reduces the coking time
Protects the volatile products from pyrolysis (cracking) in the presence of hot coke and hot oven walls
None of these
Increases the loss of fine coal dust from the ovens when charging

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