Heat and Mass Transfer
Depending on the radiating properties, a body will be white when (Where a = absorptivity, p = reflectivity, x = transmissivity)

P = 0, x = 0 and a = 1
P = 0, x = 1 and a = 0
P=1, T = 0 and a = 0
X = 0, a + p = 1

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Heat and Mass Transfer
A steam pipe is to be insulated by two insulating materials put over each other. For best results

Both may be put in any order
Whether to put inferior OIL over pipe or the better one would depend on steam temperature
Inferior insulation should be put over pipe and better one over it
Better insulation should be put over pipe and better one over it

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