Environmental Science
Definition of ecosystem is

The abiotic component of a habitat
The community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
A community of organisms interacting with one another
The part of the earth and its atmosphere which inhibits living organisms

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Environmental Science
The order of succession in a lithosere or xerosere is

Moss stage ->Foilose lichen stage-> Crustose lichen stage ->herb stage->shrub stage->forest stage (climax community)
Foliose lichen stage->Crustose lichen stage->moss stage->herb stage>shrub stage->forest stage (climax community)
Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen stage->moss stage->herb stage>shrub stage->forest stage (climax community)
Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen stage->moss stage-> ->shrub stage-> herb stage->forest stage (climax community)

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