System Analysis and Design
Data Definition Language (DDL)

all of the listed here
determine how data must be structured to produce the user's view
specifies for the DBMS what is required; the techniques used to process data
describes how data are structured in the data base

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System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable
is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
assumes that the black box is independent
None of these
All of these

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System Analysis and Design
An open rectangle

represents a process that transforms incoming data flow(s) into outgoing data flows
is a data store-data at rest, or a temporary repository of data
None of these
identifies data flow
defines a source or destination of system data

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