Engineering Thermodynamics
Compressed air coming out from a punctured football

Remains at the same temperature
Becomes hotter
May become hotter or cooler depending upon the humidity of the surrounding air
Becomes cooler

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Engineering Thermodynamics
Work-done during adiabatic expansion is given by (where p1 v1, T1 = Pressure, volume and temperature for the initial condition of gas, p2, v2, T2 = Corresponding values for the final condition of gas, R = Gas constant, and γ = Ratio of specific heats)

(p1 v1 - p2, v2)/(γ - 1)
[m R T1/(γ - 1)][1 - (p2, v2 /p1 v1)]
All of these
[m R (T1 - T2)] /(γ - 1)

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Engineering Thermodynamics
An open system is one in which

Both energy and mass cross the boundaries of the system
Mass crosses the boundary but not the energy
Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundaries of the system
Mass does not cross boundaries of the system, though energy may do so

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Engineering Thermodynamics
First law of thermodynamics

Does not enable to determine change in entropy
All of these
Enables to determine change in internal energy of the system
Provides relationship between heat, work and internal energy

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