Chemical Engineering Basics
Cold cracking in the heat affected zone of a high strength steel weld can take place because of the

Relatively high sulphur content in the base metal
Sufficient hydrogen present in the welding arc
Martensite formation
Retained austenite

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Chemical Engineering Basics
Parallel straight line pattern of temperature distribution for both hot and cold fluids is observed in case of heat exchanger of the type

Parallel flow with unequal heat capacities
Counter flow with equal heat capacities
Counter flow with unequal heat capacities
Parallel flow with equal heat capacities

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