Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
Steady flow occurs when

the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid
the direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical
the velocity of successive fluid par-ticles, at any point, is the same at suc-cessive periods of time
the fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline pat-terns are identical in each plane

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
The horizontal component of force on a curved surface is equal to the

weight of liquid vertically above the curved surface
force on the horizontal projection of the curved surface
force on a vertical projection of the curved surface
product of pressure intensity at its centroid and area

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