Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Clearance ratio is the ratio of

Clearance volume to the volume at cut-off
Volume at cut-off to the swept volume
Clearance volume to the swept volume
Swept volume to the clearance volume

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In forced circulation type boiler

Feed pump is employed to supplement natural circulation in water wall type furnace
Water is supplied in drum and through down comers located in atmospheric condition it passes to the water wall and rises to drum in the form of mixture of water and steam
Water is converted into steam in one pass without any recirculation
Heating takes place at bottom and the water supplied at bottom gets converted into the mixture of steam bubbles and hot water which rise to drum

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In a single acting steam engine

The steam is admitted on one side of the piston and two working strokes are produced during each revolution of the crankshaft
The steam is admitted on one side of the piston and one working stroke is produced during each revolution of the crankshaft
The steam is admitted, in turn, on both sides of the piston and two working strokes are produced during each revolution of the crankshaft
The steam is admitted, in turn, on both sides of the piston and one working stroke is produced during each revolution of the crankshaft

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