Furnace Technology
Circulation of gases in furnace is caused by the

Change in volume during a change of temperature
Difference in density between hot and cold gases
All of these
Furnace pressure in conjunction with draft in flues

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Furnace Technology
Turn down ratio of a burner

Should be 1:1 for a batch type furnace.
Is the ratio of maximum to minimum permissible heat input rates
Should be as low as possible i.e., 1 : 2
Is normally much more for a continuous furnace as compared to a batch furnace

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