Mechanical Operations
Bond crushing law

States that the work required to form particle of any size from very large feed is proportional to the square root of the volume to surface ratio of the product
Is less realistic in estimating the power requirements of commercial crushers
Calls for relatively less energy for the smaller product particles, than does the Rittinger law
States that the work required for the crushing is proportional to the new surface created

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Mechanical Operations
Filter aids like asbestos, kieselguhr, diatomaceous earth etc. are used to increase the porosity of the final filter cake & reducing the cake resistance during filtration. Filter aid is

All of these
Separated from the cake by dissolving solids or by burning it off
Added to the feed slurry
Precoated on the filter medium prior to filtration

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