System Analysis and Design
Backup and recovery procedures are primarily implemented to

All of these
to show different versions of data and programs
handle the contingency when a file gets corrupted
to provide data redundancy
None of these

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System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
all of the listed here

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System Analysis and Design
Indexed-Sequential organization

has records placed randomly throughout the file
uses an index for each key type
stores records sequentially but uses an index to locate records
means storing records in contiguous blocks according to a key

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System Analysis and Design
A Turnaround document

None of these
All of these
is output at one point which later comes back as an input
is circulated among all the staff of an organization.
is circulated among all the heads of departments of an organization.

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