Heat Transfer
Asymptotic conditions is reached, when for a fluid flowing in laminar flow through a long tube

Exit fluid temperature = wall temperature
Graetz number > 100
Exit fluid temperature < wall temperature
Exit-fluid temperature > wall temperature

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Heat Transfer
If Prandtl number is greater than the Schmidt number, then the

none of the listed here
concentration boundary layer lies inside the thermal boundary layer
thermal boundary layer lies inside the concentration boundary layer
thermal & concentration boundary layers are of equal thickness

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Achieve very high concentration of the final product
Concentrate heat sensitive materials

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Heat Transfer
Air is to be heated by condensing steam. Two heat exchangers are available (i) a shell and tube heat exchanger and (ii) a finned tube heat exchanger. Tube side heat transfer area are equal in both the cases. The recommended arrangement is

Shell and tube heat exchanger with air inside tubes and steam on shell side
Finned tube heat exchanger with air outside and steam inside
Shell and tube heat exchanger with air on shell side and steam inside tubes
Finned tube heat exchanger with air inside and steam outside

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