Operating System (OS)
The advantage(s) of incorporating the macro processor into pass 1 is(are):

None of these
many functions do not have to be implemented twice.
All of these
more flexibility is available to the programmer in that he may use all the features of the assembler in conjunction with macros.
Functions are combined and it is not necessary to create intermediate files as output from the macros processor and input to the assembler.

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Operating System (OS)
Thrashing can be avoided if

All of these
the speed of I/O processor is increased
the speed of CPU is increased
None of these
the pages, belonging to the working set of the programs, are in main memory

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