Process Equipment and Plant Design
An increase in the liquid resistance to interphase mass transfer and a resultant reduction in plate efficiency is caused by

All of these
Decrease in gas solubility for absorbers
An increase in relatived volatility for rectification columns
An increase in liquid viscosity

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling tendency, it should

Perferably flow outside the tube
Flow outside the tube, when the flow is counter-current and inside the tube when the flow is co-current
Flow at a very slow velocity
Preferably flow inside the tube for its easier internal cleaning

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the logarithmic mean temperature difference

Is always less than arithmetic mean value, but more than geometric mean value
May be either more or less than geometric mean and arithmetic mean value depending upon whether the flow of stream is co-current or counter-current
Is always more than arithmetic mean value and the geometric mean value
Is always less than arithmetic average value

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