an error-detecting code based on a summation operation performed on the bits to be checked.
the ratio of the number of data units in error to the total number of data units
a code in which each expression conforms to specific rules of construction, so that if certain errors occur in an expression, the resulting expression will not conform to the rules of construction and
a check bit appended to an array of binary digits to make the sum of all the binary digits.
EXAMIANS