Communication Systems
An audio signal (say from 50 Hz to 10000 Hz) is frequency translated by a carrier having a frequency of 106 Hz. The values of initial (without frequency translation) and final (after frequency translation) fractional change in frequency from one band edge to the other are

200 and 10.01
200 and 100.1
200 and 200
200 and 1.01

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Communication Systems
In Pulse Code Modulation system

Large bandwidth is required
Quantising noise can be reduced by decreasing the number of standard levels
Quantising noise can be overcome by companding
Suffers from the disadvantage of its incompatibly with TDM

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