Chemical Engineering Basics
Alumina, silica, lime and iron oxide are the basic raw material for the manufacture of portland cement. The component of Portland cement which first hardens is

3CaO . SiO₂
2CaO . SiO₂
3CaO . Al2O₃
5CaO . 3 Al2O₃

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Chemical Engineering Basics
The emf of a Deniell cell Zn | Zn²⁺ || Cu²⁺ | Cu can be increased by

Increasing the concentration of copper sulphate solution
Increasing the concentration of zinc sulphate solution
Decreasing the surface area of the electrodes
Increasing the surface area of the electrodes

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