Mechanical Operations
Agglomeration of individual particles into clusters (flocs) is called flocculation. To prevent flocculation, the most commonly used dispersing agents are

Bi-carbonates
Silicates & phosphates
Sulphates
Carbonates

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Mechanical Operations
Filter aids like asbestos, kieselguhr, diatomaceous earth etc. are used to increase the porosity of the final filter cake & reducing the cake resistance during filtration. Filter aid is

Added to the feed slurry
Precoated on the filter medium prior to filtration
Separated from the cake by dissolving solids or by burning it off
All of these

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