Engineering Materials
Addition of lead and bismuth to aluminium results in

One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Improvement of corrosion resistance
Improvement of casting characteristics

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Engineering Materials
Chromium in steel

Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

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Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

Air is burning out silicon and manganese
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing

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