Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
None of these

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Machine Design
Spring index is

Indication of quality of spring
Ratio of coil diameter to wire diameter
Load required to produce unit deflection
Its capability of storing energy

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Machine Design
Machine screws are

Similar to stud
Slotted for a screw driver and generally used with a nut
Similar to small size tap bolts except that a greater variety of shapes of heads are available
Used to prevent relative motion between two parts

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