Mechanical Operations
According to Bond crushing law, the work required to form particle of size 'D' from very large feed is (where (S/V)p and (S/V)f are surface to volume ratio of the product and feed respectively).

(S/V)p
(S/V)²p
√(S/V)p
(S/V)f

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Mechanical Operations
Filter aids like asbestos, kieselguhr, diatomaceous earth etc. are used to increase the porosity of the final filter cake & reducing the cake resistance during filtration. Filter aid is

Precoated on the filter medium prior to filtration
Separated from the cake by dissolving solids or by burning it off
All of these
Added to the feed slurry

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