Process Control and Instrumentation
A typical example of a physical system with under damped characteristic is a

Spring loaded diaphragm valve
U-tube manometer
Thermocouple kept immersed in a liquid filled thermowell
CSTR with first order reaction

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Temperature control of an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done with the help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. The types of valve and controller action to be recommended are

Air to close valve with the controller indirect acting
Air to close valve with the controller direct acting
Air to open valve with the controller indirect acting
Air to open valve with the controller direct acting

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