Machine Design
A stud

Has both the ends threaded
Has pointed threads
Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined

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Machine Design
In composite or reverse laid ropes

Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands
Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction
Wires are not twisted
Direction of twist of wires and strands are same

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