Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
A square hole is punched out of a circular lamina, the diagonal of the square being the radius of the circle. If ‘r’ is the radius of the circle, the C.G. of the remainder from the corner of the square on the circumference will be

[r (π - 0.25)]/(π - 0.5)
[r (π - 0.5)]/(π + 0.25)
[r (π + 0.25)]/(π - 0.5)
[r (π + 0.25)]/(π + 0.5)

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
The resolved part of the resultant of two forces inclined at an angle θ in a given direction is

Algebraic sum of the resolved parts of the forces in the direction
Sum of the forces multiplied by the tangent θ°
Arithmetical sum of the resolved parts of the forces in the direction
Difference of the forces multiplied by cosine θ°

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