Physics
A small gap is left at the joints of rails in a railway track to

Control the speed of train
Avoid the tracks being distorted due to seasonal temperature variation
Avoid the heating of tracks to high temperature
Keep the rails equidistant

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Physics
Railway tracks are banked on curves

necessary centripetal force may be obtained from the horizontal component of the weight of the train
necessary centrifugal force may be obtained from the horizontal component weight of the train
the train may not fly off in the opposite direction
to avoid frictional force between the tracks and wheels

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