Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A plane inclined at an angle ‘φ’ to the horizontal at which the soil is expected to stay in the absence of any lateral support, is known as

Repose line
All listed here
Natural slope line
The φ line

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
If the water table rises upto ground surface, then the

total stress is increased due to decrease in pore water pressure but effective stress does not change
total stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only but effective stress does not change
effective stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only but total stress does not change
effective stress is reduced due to decrease in total stress only but pore water pressure does not change

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
None of these
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane

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