Physics
A passenger standing in a bus is thrown outward when the bus takes a sudden turn. This happens due to

Change in acceleration
Outward pull on him
Inertia of motion
Change in momentum

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Physics
In total internal reflection, the light travel from

Rarer to denser medium and it occurs with no loss of intensity
Rarer to denser medium and it occurs with loss of intensity
Denser to rarer medium and it occurs with loss of intensity
Denser to rarer medium and it occurs with no loss of intensity

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