Digital Electronics
A NAND gate is called a universal logic element because

All the minization techniques are applicable for optimum NAND gate realization
Many digital computers use NAND gates.
Any logic function can be realized by NAND gates alone
It is used by everybody

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Digital Electronics
ASCII

 is version II of the ASC standard
 is used only in western countries
 has 128 characters including control characters
 is a subset of 8-bit EBCDIC

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