Electromagnetic Field Theory
The developed electromagnetic force and or torque in electromechanical energy conversion system act in a direction that tends

 to decrease the stored energy at constant flux.
 to decrease the co-energy at constant mmf.
 to increase the stored energy at constant flux.
 to decrease the stored energy at constant mmf.

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Electromagnetic Field Theory
In microwave communication links, when fading due to rain attenuation occurs then technique adopted for solving the problem would include

Polarization shifting and code diversity
Amplitude timing and phase correction
Path diversity and frequency diversity
Antenna replacement and feed correction

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