Measurement and Instrumentation
A first order instrument is characterized by

 Static sensitivity and damping coefficient
 Time constant only
 Static sensitivity and time constant
 Static sensitivity, damping coefficient and natural frequency of oscillations

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Measurement and Instrumentation
A resistance is measured by the voltmeter-ammeter method employing dc excitation and a voltmeter of very high resistance connected directly across the unknown resistance. If the voltmeter and ammeter reading are subject to maximum possible errors of ± 2.4 % and ± 1.0 % respectively, then the magnitude of the maximum possible percentage error in the value of resistance deduced from the measurement is nearly

 ± 2.4%
 ± 1.4%
 ± 3.4%
 ± 1%

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