Mechanical Operations
A centrifugal filtration unit operating at a rotational speed of w has inner surface of the liquid (density ρL) located at a radial distance R from the axis of rotation. The thickness of the liquid film is δ and no cake is formed. The initial pressure drop during filtration is

½w² . δ² . ρL
½w² . δρL (2R + δ)
½w² . R . ρL(R + 2δ)
½w² . R² . ρL

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Mechanical Operations
Crushing efficiency is the ratio of the

Energy absorbed by the solid to the surface energy created by crushing
Energy absorbed by the solid to that fed to the machine
Energy fed to the machine to the surface energy created by crushing
Surface energy created by crushing to the energy absorbed by the solid

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