Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It has a lower curvature than the outer side

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Machine Design
Plastic flow in ductile materials

Has no effect on it
Lessens the seriousness of static loading stress concentration
Depends on other considerations
Increases the seriousness of static loading stress concentration

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP