Chemical Reaction Engineering
A batch reactor suffers from following disadvantage.

High labour and handling cost
Poor product quality control
High shutdown time requirement for emptying, cleaning and refilling
All of these

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Chemical Reaction Engineering
In case of staged packed bed reactors carrying out exothermic reaction, use

Cold shot operations for a dilute solution requiring large preheating to bring the stream upto the reaction temperature
All of these
High recycle for pure gas
Plug flow for dilute liquid requiring no large preheating of feed

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Chemical Reaction Engineering
For a heterogeneous catalytic reaction

The surface of the catalyst does not play an important role during reaction
The catalyst does not form an intermediate complex with the reactant
Free energy of activation is lowered in the presence of catalyst, which remains unchanged at the end of reaction
A relatively small amount of catalyst can cause the conversion of large amount of reactants which does not mean that catalyst concentration is important

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